Yucca as Assabet River Rail Trail Plantings

Yucca and other flowering plants at Maple & Brooks

In eastern Massachusetts, if you’ve seen a low-to-the-ground plant with very long, very stiff, ‘sword-shaped’ leaves that come to a sharp point it is most likely a species of yucca known as Adam’s Needle. More than a dozen have been planted in Maynard adjacent to or near the Assabet River Rail Trail, courtesy of unsold plants from the Maynard Community Gardeners annual plant sale, donated to Trail of Flowers (www.trailofflowers.com). Look for a couple of nice specimens at the intersection of Maple and Brooks streets, fronting a stone wall. The wall itself is not a historic remnant, but rather a twenty-first century build.

Yucca is a genus of some 40-50 species of perennial shrubs and trees notable for their rosettes of evergreen, tough, sword-shaped leaves and large terminal panicles of white or whitish flowers. They are native to the Americas and the Caribbean in a wide range of habitats, from humid rainforest and wet subtropical ecosystems to the hot and dry deserts and savanna. A few species are winter hardy and popular as landscape plants.

Trail of Flowers signage, north of Summer Street

Adams’s Needle (Yucca filimentosa) is native to the southeast – Virginia to Florida – but is winter hardy to Zone 4, meaning it can prosper well up into Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. Plants grow to about three feet tall and wide. Each plant has a central core from which the leaves radiate symmetrically and also near-vertical to flat, so the plant can be thought of as roughly hemisphere-shaped. Leaves are kept through winter. New cores emerge inches to a foot away from the original plant. As years pass, leaves closest to the ground turn brown and die, but are still firmly attached to a core. In time the cores rot, and entire dead plants can be removed by hand, leaving more room for the adjacent younger plants.

This species prefers full sun and well-drained soil, as shade will stunt growth and wet soil rot the roots. In time, it develops a large, fleshy, white taproot with deep lateral roots. Once planted and established, it is difficult to remove, as any remnant roots keep sending up new shoots.

In addition to the green-leafed native plant, Adam’s needle comes in colorful cultivars: Bright Edge, Color Guard, Golden Sword, Blue Sentry, Garland's Gold and Excalibur. For all, the leaves bear tiny thread-like filaments around their edges, which appear as if the plant is peeling. Images can be found via internet search. Nurseries carry cultivars or can special order. Beyond the first year, the plants are drought-resistant and do not need fertilizing. Plants can live up to 50 years.

Yucca clusters can put up 
multiple flowering stalks

Once well established, Adam’s Needle plants produce flower stalks decorated with bell-shaped flowers. The stalks can exceed eight feet in height and will display dozens of waxy, off-white-colored flowers. The flowers last for several weeks. The stalks die, and need to be cut. The flowers are considered edible, either raw, added to salads, or added to broth-type soups, akin to using unopened daylily flower buds in hot-and-sour soup or Thai Pho. (Do not eat Easter lily buds. All parts of Easter lilies are extremely toxic for domestic cats, causing acute kidney failure. Evidence for toxicity for dogs and humans is vague, but to be on the safe side, don't.) 

Not here, but in native areas in the southeast, Adam’s Needle flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths transfer pollen from the stamens of one plant to the stigma of another, and at the same time lays an egg in the flower; the moth caterpillar then feeds on some of the developing fruit/seeds but can leave enough seeds to perpetuate the species. Each flower develops a fruit that is about two inches long, edible raw or cooked after the bitter seeds are removed. In the southeast, Native Americans split the leaves to make ropes, fishing nets and baskets. Peeled roots, pounded between rocks and mixed with water, make a lather than can be used to wash hair (A related species, native to the southwest, has the common name "soapweed".)

Other winter-hardy species that may be available for purchase from nurseries are Soapweed, Banana Yucca, Beaked Yucca, Spanish Dagger and Dwarf Yucca. These can flourish in Zone 5, which includes eastern Massachusetts.

 

Maynard Automobile History

Dr. Frank U. Rich and his daughter in his second automobile

The men of Maynard were not just buying a car - they were buying cars! Dr. Frank U. Rich is pictured in his second car, and he bought a third steam-powered car in 1909. The Harriman brothers went through multiple cars, with selling their slightly used cars to Stow or Maynard residents. New cars came with more horsepower and new features such as steering wheels, fenders and headlights.  

The first automobile owned in Maynard, a Stanley Steamer, was purchased by Dr. Frank U. Rich in 1899. He bought another Stanley Steamer in 1906. Rich lived in a house on Summer Street that was later moved to the north end of Florida Street (still standing) to make room for a new school around 1915. A photo in the collection of the Maynard Historic Society shows Rich in a Waltham Steam car (his third car), at his house, with his family and John Adams, his chauffeur, the first African American to live in Maynard.

The Stanley Motor Carriage Company was started by twin Stanley brothers in Watertown, Massachusetts. Until around 1912, steam car technology was superior to internal combustion engine gas technology despite the inconvenience of having to heat the boiler (with non-explosive kerosene) before starting the car. The Stanley brothers even advertised that their cars were safer than “internal explosion engine” cars. But the technology of the latter kept improving, so that the steam car era came to an end in the 1920s.

Rich (1857-1912) had been involved in an interesting murder case. Chester S. Jordan was convicted in May 1909 of murdering his wife in 1908. Just days after the conviction, Willis A, White, one of the jurors, was committed to an insane asylum. Jordan’s lawyer appealed on the grounds that White was insane during the trial. Rich testified that as White’s family physician, he, White’s wife and neighbors agreed that White’s mental health had been failing for some time, perhaps a consequence of an earlier head injury. Countering this, the prosecuting attorney interviewed the other 11 jurors, who testified that White had participated in all aspects of the one day of jury deliberation that it took to convict, without any indication of a deteriorating mental state. The verdict stood. Jordan was executed in 1912.

Persons' 1904 Ford Model A on Main Street. Note trolley tracks
and in the background, the Naylor Building before it burned in 1917. 

Charles H. Persons, Town Clerk, member of the House of Representatives, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, president of the Assabet Savings Bank and owner of C.H. Persons, Pianos, Organs and other Musical Instruments, purchased the first Ford in town in 1904. This was a Ford Model A, equipped with an 8 horsepower gas engine and providing a top speed of 28 mph. Photos in the collection of the Maynard Historical Society show the car as driven by Fred Persons (brother? son?) wearing a cloth cap while Charles is in the back seat, sporting a bowler hat. Unlike the later Model T – initially available only in black – the Model A was available only in red. Ford reused letter designations, so that A (1903-04), B (1904, a luxury car) and C (1904-05, an economy model) came before the famous Model T (1908-27) and the subsequent popular Model A (1927-31).

Persons’ car bore the license plate numbered 5986, issued in 1904. Massachusetts first began issuing licenses and registration plates in June of 1903 as a result of Chapter 473 of the Acts of 1903.The first plate, featuring the number "1" printed on it, was issued to Frederick Tudor in 1903 and is still held as an active registration by a member of his family. The same law also required that drivers have a driver’s license. 

The Harriman brothers, of Harriman Bros. New Method Laundry Co. also initially went in for steam-powered vehicles, but gas engines were a coming thing. Frank and Rowland, sons of John and Harriet Harriman, had an ice cream shop in their father’s building on Main Street, where Bud’s Variety store is now located, then in 1890 launched their ‘dry cleaning’ laundry business. Over time they expanded until it employed 75 people and completely occupied all 15,000 square feet of the three-story building. Dirty laundry was picked up by horse-drawn wagons, later gas-powered trucks, at households, then delivered a few days later cleaned, ironed and folded.

Frank and Rowland were big fans of cars. Frank is recorded as purchasing his second car in 1903. Rowland bought a car in 1904, two in 1906 and another in 1910. Frank is mentioned as being car sales agent for E.M.F. automobiles in 1909. The brothers later sold the laundry business and moved to Florida.

By 1910, there were two car dealers in town, repair shops, gas stations, car rental businesses, attempts to control speeding, and the first reported accident (Frank Harriman driving, small boy hit, bruised but otherwise unharmed). By 1925 the town’s annual report numbered 879 motor vehicles in Maynard. The horse count had dropped from a peak of 256 in 1899 to 70. A few horses were still in Maynard into the 1950s. As of 2025, there are two used car dealerships, two rental businesses, four gas stations and several car or truck repair and parts establishments. No horses.

Leapin' Lena, in repose

An article about automobiles cannot be complete without mention of Leapin’ Lena. Residents with long memories can tell tales of a tricked out car that participated in Maynard parades from the 1927 into the early 1960s. Lena was built through the efforts of Frank Parks, Ray Carruth, Joseph Dineen, Eddie Johnson and other men associated with the local American Legion Post #235. Frank and Ray had been inspired by a stunt car they saw at a performance of the Barnum & Bailey Circus. The American Legion crew started with an open-topped Ford Model T. The wheelbase was shortened. The car body was shifted back. Concrete was used to add weight to the rear, and steel skid plates were bolted to the underside of the back end.

With two people seated in front and three in back, Lena was so carefully balanced over the rear axle that a bit of acceleration combined with the occupants leaning back would pop her nose up to a twenty-degree angle. She could be driven a short distance in this nose-up position, then be slammed back down to the pavement with a touch of brakes. Hard on the occupants! Over years of hard-pounding parade performances many of Lena's original Model T parts failed and Model A parts were spliced in as replacements. The frame became a cross-cross of welds over welds. Motors burned out and replacements made. Lena spent the World War II years in hidden storage to avoid being swept up in the war's metal drives.

Maynard's Lena had the words "Original Leapin' Lena" painted across the back. As it turns out, quite a few American Legion and Shriner parades featured modified Model T cars - almost always named Leapin' Lena or Leaping Lena. But Maynard claimed to be first. A prolonged restoration led to a last attempt at a public appearance for the 1971 Maynard Centennial Parade. She performed well in a Crowe Park rehearsal, but broke down partway through the parade. Somewhere, parts of Lena may remain to this day, but like Humpty Dumpty, unlikely she can ever be put back together again.

Addendum: The Maynard Area Auto Club was founded in 1988 and at one time had more than 200 members, a newsletter, events, logo jackets, patches and other 'merch'. The Maynard Historical Society archives has photos of numerous items found via a search on "auto club". It appears that the club's existance came an end in 2019, although confusingly, the Massachusetts Association of Auto Clubs continues to list events for the Maynard club in 2025.